Interesting question, and a good link to Mesoamerican astronomy. However, in the pre-telescope era, relatively few heavenly bodies could be easily observed, so that rather limited the possible items of interest to ancient astronomers. I think the 1874 expedition owes more to a growing sense of Mexican nationalism and the realization that there was much to be gained from a "globalization" of scientific research. And, if such events allowed you to travel the world, expenses (or some of them) paid, then so much the better!